GUIDES

The Tabata protocol: what the original study did

Twenty seconds, ten seconds, eight rounds: where the format comes from and what it really asked of people

What the study compared

Over 6 weeks, one group of young male athletes cycled at a moderate 70% of their VO2max for an hour, five days a week. The other did the short, very hard intervals, about 4 minutes of work per session, five days a week 1.

Key study

Four minutes a day improved two kinds of fitness

  • Training study
  • Young male athletes
  • 6 weeks

VO2max rose by about 7 ml/kg/min with the intervals and about 5 ml/kg/min with moderate cycling. Anaerobic capacity, the ability to produce energy without oxygen, rose by 28% with the intervals and didn’t change with moderate cycling.

Source 1

Why most Tabata workouts are different

Working at 170% of VO2max is an all-out sprint that leaves trained athletes unable to continue after a few minutes. Most classes called Tabata use squats, burpees or push-ups at a hard but sustainable pace. That’s still good interval training, with the same 20/10 rhythm, but it isn’t the effort the study measured, so don’t expect the same results from it.

How to do a true Tabata

  1. Choose something you can push all-out safely, such as an exercise bike or a rower.
  2. Warm up for about 10 minutes.
  3. Go all-out for 20 seconds, rest for 10, and repeat 8 times.
  4. Cool down with easy movement for a few minutes.
Free toolTry a Tabata timer nowRun 20/10 × 8 in your browser, free.

Sources

  1. Tabata I, Nishimura K, Kouzaki M, et al. Effects of moderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on anaerobic capacity and VO2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(10):1327-1330. doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199610000-00018

YOUR NEXT SESSION STARTS HERE

Bring the effort.
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Cero is free to download for iPhone, iPad and Apple Watch.

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Cero’s interval builder on iPhone 18 Pro, with the template picker, warm-up, work, recovery and cool-down intervals, and per-interval timing controls

Cero is a timer, not a medical device. If you’re new to hard exercise, are pregnant or have a health condition, check with your doctor first, and stop if you feel unwell.